UDC: 336.71
https://doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2026-3-22
EDN: VORVJM


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TRANSFORMATION OF BANKING THROUGH THE PRISM OF VARIOUS METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES

M. F. Karabaev
Orenburg State University named after V.A. Bondarenko, Orenburg, Russia
e-mail: carabaev3642@mail.ru

Abstract. In the context of an unstable geopolitical situation, volatile financial markets, and structural changes in the domestic economy, the issue of banking business transformation has become increasingly relevant. However, the choice of approach to studying the transformation of banking and the search for an appropriate business model remain open questions in the current reality.

The purpose of this study is to find and justify a unified approach to studying the transformation of banking, assess its current state, and identify the ongoing transformation processes.

The object of the study is banking as an institutional and functional environment in which transformation processes occur due to the influence of external and internal factors.

The subject of the study is a set of methodological approaches to studying the transformation of banking, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators that reflect the content and direction of transformations in banking activities.

The research methods include a comprehensive methodological framework. The paper provides a critical analysis of methodological approaches to studying the processes occurring in banking, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. Methods of analogies, synthesis, aggregation, generalization, and grouping are applied.

The author proposes a classification of approaches into immanent, exogenous, and pragmatic approaches based on the level of influence of various driving forces on the transformation process. Immanent approaches are combined based on the source of driving forces that are directly within the object of study. The identified exogenous approaches define the driver of transformation outside of banking. The pragmatic approach is characterized by the purposeful creation of conditions for the transformation of banking. Based on the synthesis of approaches, the current state of transformation is being studied. The results of the study have revealed key trends and vectors for the further transformation of the banking business. Special attention is paid to the deformation of the banks’ income structure, which leads to a shift in focus from interest-based business to commission-based operations. This also results in the devaluation of the banking business’s loan portfolio. The study explores the aspects of digital transformation in banks and assesses the volume of intangible assets and investments in them, which reflect the level of digitalization in banking activities.

The scientific novelty lies in the classification of scientific approaches to the study of the transformation of banking based on the source of transformation in relation to its object, and the foundations of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the transformation of banking business have been laid in order to determine and evaluate its current state.

The practical significance lies in the proposal of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the transformation of banking, which takes into account the shortcomings of theoretical approaches. This approach includes technological, consumer, regulatory, and market aspects, based on changes in the internal and external environment. The article identifies the areas of research on the transformation of banking in modern conditions. In further works, it seems expedient to reveal the internal content of transformation using empirical methods, which will make it possible to specify recommendations for creating an adequate external and internal environment for the transformation of banking.

Key words: transformation of banking, banking, methodological approaches, fast payment system, lending to the economy, multidisciplinary approach, immanent approaches, exogenous approaches, pragmatic approaches, intangible assets of banks.

Cite as: Karabaev, M. F. (2026) [Transformation of banking through the prism of various methodological approaches]. Intellekt. Innovacii. Investicii [Intellect. Innovations. Investments]. Vol. 3, pp. 22–33. – https://doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2026-3-22.


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