https://doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2020-2-134
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR TRANSPORT FLOWS BY CONCENTRATIONS OF DISPERSED PARTICLES WITH ACCOUNT OF THEIR GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ORENBURG)
L. N. Tretyak1, A. S. Volnov2
Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
1e-mail: tretyak_ln@mail.ru
2e-mail: Volnov_AS@mail.ru
Abstract. The relevance of assessing the environmental safety of motor flows in the city of Orenburg is due to the need to take into account the concentrations of dispersed particles generated in the exhaust gases of automobile engines, as well as in the process of operational wear of tires, braking mechanisms and road surfaces.
The purpose of the study was to assess the environmental safety of motor flows by the concentration of dispersed particles, taking into account their particle size distribution (using the example of Orenburg).
The main sources of emissions of dispersed particles are shown, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics are given. Based on an integrated approach, an algorithm has been developed for assessing the environmental safety of motor flows by the concentration of dispersed particles, taking into account their particle size distribution. Using standardized and certified methods and equipment, the concentrations of dispersed particles were determined taking into account their particle size distribution (using the example of Orenburg). An ecological map and a rating of the most polluted sections of the Orenburg city road network have been compiled with dispersed particles of 2,5 and 10 microns in size. The dependences of the concentrations of dispersed particles taking into account their particle size distribution on the time of day, wind speed and traffic intensity at the intersections of Orenburg are obtained. It was established that the concentrations of dispersed particles of sizes 2,5 and 10 μm at the intersections of Orenburg do not exceed the maximum permissible values, but their total concentration is exceeded from 4 to 6 times. Moreover, the concentration of dispersed particles at intersections is 2,5–4 times higher than on the haul. It is shown that the identification of the particle size distribution of dispersed particles formed from the motor stream will allow us to clarify the cause-effect relationships between the degree of pollution of the surface layer of the atmosphere and the health of the population living in close proximity to roads. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of predicting the concentrations of dispersed particles and informing road users about the degree of pollution of the surface layer of the atmosphere. The results of the study can be used in environmental monitoring of traffic flows, taking into account changes in the structure of the fleet of vehicles by environmental classes, capacity, fuel consumption, as well as in the planning and implementation of organizational and technical measures to reduce the negative impact of traffic flows on the surface layer of the atmosphere.
Keywords: environmental safety, traffic flows, emissions, dispersed particles, estimation, particle size distribution, surface layer of the atmosphere, environmental map, road network.
Cite as: Tretyak, L. N., Volnov, A. S. (2020) [Environmental safety assessment of motor transport flows by concentrations of dispersed particles with account of their granulometric composition (on the example of Orenburg)]. Intellekt. Innovatsii. Investitsii [Intellect. Innovations. Investments]. Vol. 2, pp. 134–146. DOI: 10.25198/2077-7175-2020-2-134.
